Thyroid: Types & Causes

The thyroid, a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Understanding the types and causes of thyroid disorders is essential for anyone seeking insights into these common yet often misunderstood conditions.

Thyroid Types

Hypothyroidism

Commonly known as an underactive thyroid, hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones. Symptoms may include fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold. Causes can range from autoimmune disorders (like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) to iodine deficiency.

Hyperthyroidism

Characterized by an overactive thyroid, hyperthyroidism results in an excess of thyroid hormones. Symptoms may include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and irritability.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

An autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism. Often presents with symptoms such as fatigue, depression, and muscle weakness.

Graves’ Disease

Another autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease leads to an overproduction of thyroid hormones. Symptoms include anxiety, weight loss, and protruding eyes (exophthalmos).

Thyroid Disorder Causes

Autoimmune Disorders

Conditions such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease result from the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking the thyroid gland.

Iodine Deficiency

Insufficient iodine in the diet can impair the thyroid’s ability to produce hormones, leading to hypothyroidism.

Genetics

Thyroid disorders often have a hereditary component. A family history of thyroid issues may increase the risk.

Radiation Exposure

Exposure to radiation, whether through medical treatments or environmental factors, can contribute to thyroid dysfunction.

Medications

Certain medications, like lithium and amiodarone, may affect thyroid function and lead to disorders.

Age and Gender

Thyroid disorders are more prevalent in women, especially during pregnancy and menopause. The risk also increases with age.

Thyroid disorders are diverse, affecting millions worldwide. Recognizing the types and understanding the causes is the first step toward effective management. Whether dealing with an underactive or overactive thyroid, seeking advice from our healthcare professionals is crucial for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.

At New Apollo Polyclinic you can schedule an appointment with our general practitioners to find out if you have thyroid. If you already have been diagnosed with thyroid you can consult with our general practitioners to manage it in the best way possible. Don’t let thyroid disorders remain a mystery—empower yourself with knowledge and take proactive steps towards thyroid health. Our doctors will help you to create a personalized plan to manage this common health issue.